Unearthing the roots of urban sprawl: a critical analysis of form, function and methodology

Urban sprawl is one of the key issues facing cities today. There is a large volume of literature on the topic but despite this there is little agreement as to its characteristics and effects. The paper discusses some of the most contested issues of urban sprawl. It looks at the various definitions of sprawl; examines the effects of sprawl, assessing these in relation to planning and market led approaches; and discusses methodological approaches relating to measures of sprawl in terms of its impacts and forms

Work-based Learning for Adolescentswith Learning Disabilities:Creating a Context for Success

This paper describes cases of two adolescents with learning disabilities working in automotive repair businesses as part of a workbased education program. Neither adolescent was judged to have been successful by the workplace supervisors. The frameworks chosen for analyzing these cases draw upon recent work in selfdetermination, workplace learning, and negotiating accommodations for workers with disabilities. Data for the qualitative cases consist of interviews and detailed observations. Analysis, using a contextualist perspective, provides descriptions of the contexts for the two co-operative education placements and yields four themes that appear central to success in work-based education experiences for adolescents with learning disabilities: negotiating accommodations, routines, expectations, and preparation

Work-Based Education as a Pathway to Resilience

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of work-based education (WBE) as a pathway for enhancing resilience among youth-at-risk for disengaging from school. For students who have experienced traditional academic school as an adverse context, the decision to pursue an alternative path to high school completion, for example WBE, can be interpreted as agentic. We propose that WBE may have the requisite features of an educational context that fosters resilience in at-risk youth. We used a multipleperspective case study method involving three young people in their final stages of secondary school. The students were the focal participants in each case. Each was interviewed and observed on multiple occasions. We interviewed teachers and workplace supervisors associated with each student for additional perspectives. Cases were analyzed individually, followed by cross-case analyses utilizing a resilience framework. Our study revealed evidence that for the three youth we studied, WBE had many elements that appear to enhance resilience in a way that academic programs did not. WBE kept these students engaged in the school context and contributed to the eventual successful completion of secondary school for all three. Choosing WBE as a pathway to secondary school completion can be an agentic act by at-risk youth to achieve graduation. Engagement in WBE also appears to enhance resilience. WBE may foster resilience in at-risk youth, who despite academic adversity, progress to completion. Graduation from secondary school is frequently identified as a positive outcome and a predictor of success in productive occupation and adult life

Spatial analysis and the measurement of urban sprawl

The thesis extends the research of the SCATTER project which evaluates the understanding of urban sprawl in Europe and examines methods for quantifying sprawl. The thesis extends this by examining the extent to which the definition and identification of sprawl is influenced by the nature of the indicators and measures used, and on the scale at which they are applied. It assesses the suitability of measures used in the US context for the polycentric pattern of European cities. Measures used in the European context have been based on land use densities - this is extended to incorporate measures based on urban form and land use patterns. The findings highlight the difficulties inherent in defining and measuring sprawl, as sprawl is a complex phenomenon with experts in the regions often unable to agree on the patterns and consequences of this type of urban growth. It is not so much a specific land use pattern or set of patterns as a manifestation of concerns which are common features of modern urban growth - regardless of urban form - and which emerge from the emphasis of interpretation and the dimensions of interest to local administrators and land use authorities. The research has identified that measures are sensitive to the spatial area used - even areas with some similarities, such as county and travel to work areas or district and urban areas do not produce consistent results. In Europe therefore measuring sprawl is also complicated by the fact that self contained subcentres set in low density rural areas may contribute to sprawl in the city centre, yet this is not identified by traditional measures of sprawl which assume that areas related to the urban centre are contiguous

A Barrier to Exclusive Breastfeeding for Wic Enrollees: Limited Use of Exclusive Breastfeeding Food Package for Mothers

Background: In the first 2 weeks of life, most breastfeeding mother–infant dyads in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) receive infant formula from WIC, instead of a larger food package designed for exclusively breastfeeding mothers. This study was designed to explore reasons for high rates of formula supplementation of breastfeeding newborns enrolled in WIC and the limited use of the WIC expanded food package. Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 29 mothers who either partially or exclusively breastfed for at least 2 months. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, analyzed, coded, and organized into 10 themes. Results: Participants view the WIC program in a contradictory manner. They see it as highly supportive of breastfeeding, but also as a promoter of infant formula. The expanded food package for mothers is not valued, but free supplemental formula is highly valued. Misinformation about breastfeeding pervades the healthcare system, and exclusive breastfeeding is not promoted as an important health goal. Lack of access to breast pumps, the unacceptability of pumping in the workplace, and difficulties with nursing in public all contribute to formula supplementation. Conclusions: The healthcare system, the WIC program, and demands of daily life all contribute to low rates of exclusive breastfeeding in the WIC program. The available expanded food package for mothers who are exclusively breastfeeding is both disliked and underutilized, while free supplemental formula is rarely discouraged

Химиотерапия взрослых больных с саркомами мягких тканей

В обзоре рассмотрены общие принципы цитостатического лечения взрослых больных с саркомами мягких тканей. Роль химиотерапии при этом заболевании на протяжении последних лет повышается. Hаиболее эффективными цитостатиками являются доксорубицин и ифосфамид, причем у обоих препаратов установлена зависимость эффективности от дозы. Химиотерапию применяют как элемент радикального комбинированного лечения, а также как паллиативный метод при метастатическом процессе. При рабдомиосаркоме химиотерапия эффективна практически при любой стадии заболевания.Chemotherapy has an increasing role in the therapy of soft tissue sarcomas. Meanwhile, chemotherapy of these tumors is frequently considered in general without taking into account the peculiar clinical features of various subtypes. Doxorubicin and ifosfamide are the most active drugs in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. Chemotherapy could be used both for radical and for palliative treatment. For rhabdomyosarcoma, chemotherapy is effective in all the stages of such disease

JETstream Volume 5

And just like that, spring has finally arrived and with that, the end of the spring 2023 semester! But before transitioning into summer mode and hopefully some well-deserved time off, the JET Library would like to fill you in on some of the things we have been up to; welcoming Molloy’s Archives & Special Collections to JET, several new resources including the First-Generation LibGuide, Medical and Nursing Journal Collection and other resources specifically aimed to help improve accessibility and access for anyone entering the library. This past year, the JET Library and its cross-functional partners within Learning Services, the Writing Center, and Tutoring Services were sincerely honored to receive this year’s Molloy Team Award! We would also like to congratulate the winners of all the other categories. The JET library also welcomed several new members to our team in addition to one returning member who you will get to know a bit better in this issue. So as we prepare for the last few weeks of the semester, we would like to wish all of our students the best on their upcoming finals and to the entire Molloy University community, a safe and enjoyable summer